The **HWS100A-48-R** is an industrial-grade AC-DC single-output power supply manufactured by TDK-Lambda. It belongs to the HWS-A series, which is known for its high reliability and "limited lifetime warranty." --- ## 1. Technical Specifications The core electronic characteristics of the HWS100A-48-R are summarized in the table below: | Feature | Specification | | :--- | :--- | | **Output Voltage** | 48V DC | | **Output Current** | 2.1 A | | **Rated Power** | 100.8 Watts | | **Input Voltage Range** | 85 - 265 VAC (Universal) or 120 - 370 VDC | | **Efficiency** | 89% (at 200VAC) | | **Form Factor** | Enclosed / Chassis Mount | | **Cooling** | Convection Cooled (No Fan) | | **Special Suffix (-R)** | Remote ON/OFF Control | --- ## 2. Key Electronic Components & Functions ### Input Stage - **Universal Input:** Includes an EMI filter and a bridge rectifier to handle global AC voltages. - **Active PFC:** Features Active Power Factor Correction to ensure compliance with EN61000-3-2 standards, reducing harmonic distortion. ### Conversion Stage - **Switching Topology:** High-frequency switching design allows for a high power density and compact footprint. - **Isolation:** Provides high-voltage isolation between the input and output (typically 3k VAC) to protect sensitive downstream electronics. ### Output Stage - **Voltage Adjustment:** A potentiometer (trimmer) allows the user to adjust the 48V output, typically within a ±20% range (approx. 38.4V to 52.8V). - **Remote ON/OFF (-R Suffix):** This specific model includes an external signal terminal. Applying a voltage/signal to these pins allows the user to toggle the output power without disconnecting the AC mains. --- ## 3. Protection Circuits The electronic design includes several safety mechanisms to prevent damage to the unit or the load: * **Over Current Protection (OCP):** Constant current limiting with automatic recovery. * **Over Voltage Protection (OVP):** Shuts down the output if the voltage exceeds a safe threshold (typically 115-140%). * **Thermal Protection:** While convection cooled, the internal circuitry is designed to derate or shut down if ambient temperatures exceed operating limits. --- ## 4. Physical Layout The unit is housed in a ventilated metal enclosure. Wiring is handled via screw terminals: 1. **L, N, FG:** AC Input (Live, Neutral, Frame Ground). 2. **-V, +V:** DC Output terminals. 3. **CNT / TOG:** Remote ON/OFF control terminals (specific to the -R model).