The **UDS-22-R/E2** is a high-performance ultrasonic sensor, typically used for double-sheet detection and material identification. Below is an explanation of its electronic components and functional architecture. --- ### 1. Key Technical Specifications The electronics of the UDS-22-R/E2 are designed for high-speed industrial environments, focusing on processing ultrasonic signal attenuation. | Parameter | Specification | | :--- | :--- | | **Operating Voltage** | 18 - 30 V DC | | **Current Consumption** | ≤ 50 mA | | **Switching Outputs** | 2 x PNP (Normally Open/Closed) | | **Response Time** | Approx. 2.0 ms to 2.5 ms | | **Carrier Frequency** | 400 kHz (Ultrasonic) | --- ### 2. Core Electronic Components The device consists of three primary electronic stages: #### A. Ultrasonic Transducer Pair * **Transmitter:** A piezoelectric ceramic element that converts electrical pulses into a 400 kHz ultrasonic wave. * **Receiver:** A matched piezo element that receives the wave and converts mechanical vibration back into an analog voltage. #### B. Signal Processing Unit (ASIC/Microcontroller) * **Amplifier Circuit:** Because the signal weakens when passing through materials (paper, film, metal foils), a high-gain amplifier is used to boost the received signal. * **Threshold Comparator:** The microcontroller compares the received signal amplitude against stored calibration values to determine if zero, one, or two sheets are present. #### C. Interface and Output Stage * **Push-Pull/PNP Drivers:** These transistors handle the physical switching of the 24V signal to the PLC (Programmable Logic Controller). * **Teach-In Input:** A dedicated pin (White wire usually) allows for remote calibration of the electronics to specific material densities. --- ### 3. Connection Diagram (Standard M12 Plug) The electronics are accessed via a standard 5-pin M12 connector. | Pin | Color | Function | Description | | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | | 1 | Brown | +UB | Positive Power Supply (24V) | | 2 | White | Teach-In | External calibration input | | 3 | Blue | -UB | Ground (0V) | | 4 | Black | Output 1 | Detection of Double Sheet | | 5 | Gray | Output 2 | Detection of Single Sheet / Missing Sheet | --- ### 4. Operational Logic The electronic logic follows a simple attenuation principle: 1. **Air (No sheet):** High signal amplitude received. 2. **Single Sheet:** Moderate signal attenuation. 3. **Double Sheet:** High signal attenuation (Triggering the "Double Sheet" output). 4. **Air Bubbles/Metal:** Almost total signal blockage. ---