P89C60X2 datasheet(19/56 Pages) PHILIPS

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Philips Semiconductors

Product data

P89C60X2/61X2

80C51 8-bit Flash microcontroller family

64KB Flash, 512B/1024B RAM

2003 Sep 11

OSCILLATOR CHARACTERISTICS

Using the oscillator, XTAL1 and XTAL2 are the input and output,

respectively, of an inverting amplifier. The pins can be configured for

use as an on-chip oscillator, as shown in the logic symbol.

To drive the device from an external clock source, XTAL1 should be

driven while XTAL2 is left unconnected. However, minimum and

maximum high and low times specified in the data sheet must be

observed.

Clock Control Register (CKCON)

This device provides control of the 6-clock/12-clock mode by both

an SFR bit (bit X2 in register CKCON) and a Flash bit (bit FX2,

located in the Security Block). When X2 is 0, 12-clock mode is

activated. By setting this bit to 1, the system is switching to 6-clock

mode. Having this option implemented as SFR bit, it can be

accessed anytime and changed to either value. Changing X2 from 0

to 1 will result in executing user code at twice the speed, since all

system time intervals will be divided by 2. Changing back from

6-clock to 12-clock mode will slow down running code by a factor of

The Flash clock control bit (FX2) activates the 6-clock mode when

programmed using a parallel programmer, superceding the X2 bit

(CKCON.0). Please also see Table 4 below.

Table 4.

FX2 clock mode bit

(can only be set by

parallel programmer)

X2 bit

(CKCON.0)

CPU clock mode

erased

12-clock mode

(default)

erased

6-clock mode

programmed

6-clock mode

Programmable Clock-Out Pin

A 50% duty cycle clock can be programmed to be output on P1.0.

This pin, besides being a regular I/O pin, has two alternate

functions. It can be programmed:

1. to input the external clock for Timer/Counter 2, or

2. to output a 50% duty cycle clock ranging from 61 Hz to 4 MHz at

a 16 MHz operating frequency in 12-clock mode (122 Hz to

8 MHz in 6-clock mode).

To configure the Timer/Counter 2 as a clock generator, bit C/T2 (in

T2CON) must be cleared and bit T20E in T2MOD must be set. Bit

TR2 (T2CON.2) also must be set to start the timer.

The Clock-Out frequency depends on the oscillator frequency and

the reload value of Timer 2 capture registers (RCAP2H, RCAP2L)

as shown in this equation:

Oscillator Frequency

(65536–RCAP2H, RCAP2L)

Where:

n = 2 in 6-clock mode, 4 in 12-clock mode.

(RCAP2H,RCAP2L) = the content of RCAP2H and RCAP2L

taken as a 16-bit unsigned integer.

In the Clock-Out mode Timer 2 roll-overs will not generate an

interrupt. This is similar to when it is used as a baud-rate generator.

It is possible to use Timer 2 as a baud-rate generator and a clock

generator simultaneously. Note, however, that the baud-rate and the

Clock-Out frequency will be the same.

RESET

A reset is accomplished by holding the RST pin HIGH for at least

two machine cycles (24 oscillator periods in 12-clock and 12

oscillator periods in 6-clock mode), while the oscillator is running. To

insure a reliable power-up reset, the RST pin must be high long

enough to allow the oscillator time to start up (normally a few

milliseconds) plus two machine cycles, unless it has been set to

6-clock operation using a parallel programmer.

LOW POWER MODES

Stop Clock Mode

The static design enables the clock speed to be reduced down to

0 MHz (stopped). When the oscillator is stopped, the RAM and

Special Function Registers retain their values. This mode allows

step-by-step utilization and permits reduced system power

consumption by lowering the clock frequency down to any value. For

lowest power consumption the Power Down mode is suggested.

Idle Mode

In idle mode (see Table 5), the CPU puts itself to sleep while all of

the on-chip peripherals stay active. The instruction to invoke the idle

mode is the last instruction executed in the normal operating mode

before the idle mode is activated. The CPU contents, the on-chip

RAM, and all of the special function registers remain intact during

this mode. The idle mode can be terminated either by any enabled

interrupt (at which time the process is picked up at the interrupt

service routine and continued), or by a hardware reset which starts

the processor in the same manner as a power-on reset.

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