HT48R065 datasheet(40/93 Pages) HOLTEK

40 / 93 page

HT48R063/064/065/066/0662/067

Rev. 1.10

June 9, 2009

Programming Considerations

Within the user program, one of the first things to con-

sider is port initialisation. After a reset, the I/O data reg-

ister and I/O port control register will be set high. This

means that all I/O pins will default to an input state, the

level of which depends on the other connected circuitry

and whether pull-high options have been selected. If the

port control registers, are then programmed to setup

some pins as outputs, these output pins will have an ini-

tial high output value unless the associated port data

puts and which are outputs can be achieved byte-wide

by loading the correct value into the port control register

or by programming individual bits in the port control reg-

ister using the

²SET [m].i² and ²CLR [m].i² instructions.

Note that when using these bit control instructions, a

read-modify-write operation takes place. The

microcontroller must first read in the data on the entire

port, modify it to the required new bit values and then re-

write this data back to the output ports.

Pins PA0 to PA7 each have a wake-up functions, se-

lected via the PAWK register. When the device is in the

Idle/Sleep Mode, various methods are available to wake

the device up. One of these is a high to low transition of

any of the these pins. Single or multiple pins on Port A

can be setup to have this function.

Timer/Event Counters

The provision of timers form an important part of any

microcontroller, giving the designer a means of carrying

out time related functions. The devices contain from one

to three count-up timer of 8-bit capacity. As the timers

have three different operating modes, they can be con-

figured to operate as a general timer, an external event

counter or as a pulse width capture device. The provi-

sion of an internal prescaler to the clock circuitry on

gives added range to the timers.

There are two types of registers related to the

Timer/Event Counters. The first is the register that con-

tains the actual value of the timer and into which an ini-

tial value can be preloaded. Reading from this register

retrieves the contents of the Timer/Event Counter. The

second type of associated register is the Timer Control

mines how the timer is to be used. The device can have

the timer clock configured to come from the internal

clock source. In addition, the timer clock source can also

be configured to come from an external timer pin.

Configuring the Timer/Event Counter Input Clock

Source

The Timer/Event Counter clock source can originate

from various sources, an internal clock or an external

pin. The internal clock source source is used when the

timer is in the timer mode or in the pulse width capture

mode. For some Timer/Event Counters, this internal

clock source is first divided by a prescaler, the division

ratio of which is conditioned by the Timer Control Regis-

ter bits T0PSC0~T0PSC2 or T2PSC0~ T2PSC2. For

Timer/Event Counter 0, the internal clock source can be

either fSYS or the LXT Oscillator, the choice of which is

determined by the T0S bit in the TMR0C register.

An external clock source is used when the timer is in the

event counting mode, the clock source being provided

on an external timer pin TCn. Depending upon the con-

dition of the TnEG bit, each high to low, or low to high

transition on the external timer pin will increment the

counter by one.

Timer Registers

- TMR0, TMR1, TMR2

The timer registers are special function registers located

in the Special Purpose Data Memory and is the place

where the actual timer value is stored. These registers

are known as TMR0, TMR1 and TMR2. The value in the

timer registers increases by one each time an internal

clock pulse is received or an external transition occurs

on the external timer pin. The timer will count from the

initial value loaded by the preload register to the full

count of FFH at which point the timer overflows and an

internal interrupt signal is generated. The timer value

will then be reset with the initial preload register value

and continue counting.

Note that to achieve a maximum full range count of FFH,

the preload register must first be cleared to all zeros. It

should be noted that after power-on, the preload regis-

ters will be in an unknown condition. Note that if the

Timer/Event Counter is in an OFF condition and data is

written to its preload register, this data will be immedi-

ately written into the actual counter. However, if the

counter is enabled and counting, any new data written

into the preload data register during this period will re-

main in the preload register and will only be written into

the actual counter the next time an overflow occurs.

Timer Control Registers

- TMR0C, TMR1C, TMR2C

The flexible features of the Holtek microcontroller

Timer/Event Counters enable them to operate in three

different modes, the options of which are determined by

the contents of their respective control register.

The Timer Control Register is known as TMRnC. It is the

Timer Control Register together with its corresponding

timer register that control the full operation of the

Timer/Event Counter. Before the timer can be used, it is

essential that the Timer Control Register is fully pro-

T 1

T 2

T 3

T 4

T 1

T 2

T 3

T 4

W r i t e t o P o r t

R e a d f r o m P o r t

S y s t e m C l o c k

P o r t D a t a

Read Modify Write Timing

HT48R065 Datasheet(PDF) 40 Page - Holtek Semiconductor Inc

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