Rev. B 062011

17

LCS700-708

www.powerint.com

The recommended series resistor value of 220 W and the bypass

capacitor form a low-pass filter, and its time constant must not

cause significant attenuation of the current sense signal at the

nominal operating frequency. The effect of the attenuation is

greatest for the first pulse in the start-up current waveform, and

can also affect proper shutdown during short-circuit testing,

which typically trips the 7-cycle current limit. Place a close-

coupled probe across the IS pin bypass capacitor and compare

the waveform to the primary current.

Burst Mode Operation and Tuning

Burst mode will produce a typical waveform such as in Figure 24.

During the burst pulse train, the switching frequency rises from

f

If the initial output ripple spike at the beginning of the burst

pulse train is ignored, the output ripple somewhat resembles a

sawtooth. See the output ripple waveform in Figure 24. When

the HiperLCS is switching, the output rises. When it stops

switching, the output falls. The top of the sawtooth is where the

burst pulse train ends, because the feedback loop has commanded

a frequency = f

burst pulse train begins, because the feedback loop has

commanded a frequency = f

control resembles a hysteretic controller, where the top and

bottom of the sawtooth are fixed by the feedback loop gain.

The downward slope of the sawtooth is merely the output

capacitors discharging into the load, with dv/dt:

#

IC

dt

dv

=

Where I = load current. C is the total output capacitance.

The upward slope of the sawtooth is dependent on the difference

between the current delivered by the powertrain, and the current

drawn by the load. For a given design, the upward slope

increases with input voltage.

The burst repetition rate (frequency) then increases with load.

When the load reaches a point where the powertrain can

regulate at a frequency <f

load current decreases (from heavy load), frequency increases,

and when it reaches f

In a typical design, f

higher than the nominal switching frequency. Figure 18 shows

the relationship between f

ratio of f

some cases the designer may choose to change dead-time

slightly in order to change f

only enter burst mode at zero load and an input voltage above

nominal.

C7

1 nF

C11

6.8 nF

1 kV

HB Pin

LLC

Transformer

IS Pin

GROUND

Pin

S Pin

C12

47 pF

1 kV

PI-6161-051711

R11

24 Ω

R12

220 Ω

Figure 23. Capacitive Divider Current Sense Circuit.

Figure 24. Typical Waveform of Burst Mode. 24 V / 150 W HiperLCS Design at

Zero Load. The Initial Spike (circled) Size is Dependent on Post-Filter

Electrolytic Capacitor ESR.

PI-6468-062811

0

50

100

100

400

300

200

Time (ms)

24.0

23.9

24.1

Burst Repetition Rate

0

Figure 25. Zoom in of First Few Switching Cycles of Burst Pulse Train of Figure 24.

The First 2 Cycles Show That the High-Side Driver has not Turned

on yet. The Switching Frequency of the First Few Cycles is f

335 kHz in This Case. The Ringing on the Output is from the

Output Filter.

PI-6469-062811

0

25

50

100

400

300

200

Time ( s)

0

24.0

23.9

24.1