PIC16F87 datasheet(123/230 Pages) MICROCHIP

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 2002-2013 Microchip Technology Inc.

DS30487D-page 123

PIC16F87/88

13.2

Comparator Operation

A single comparator is shown in Figure 13-2, along with

the relationship between the analog input levels and

the digital output. When the analog input at VIN+ is less

than the analog input VIN-, the output of the comparator

is a digital low level. When the analog input at VIN+ is

greater than the analog input VIN-, the output of the

comparator is a digital high level. The shaded areas of

the output of the comparator in Figure 13-2 represent

the uncertainty due to input offsets and response time.

13.3

Comparator Reference

An external or internal reference signal may be used

depending on the comparator operating mode. The

analog signal present at VIN- is compared to the signal

at VIN+ and the digital output of the comparator is

adjusted accordingly (Figure 13-2).

FIGURE 13-2:

SINGLE COMPARATOR

13.3.1

EXTERNAL REFERENCE SIGNAL

When external voltage references are used, the

comparator module can be configured to have the com-

parators operate from the same, or different reference

sources. However, threshold detector applications may

require the same reference. The reference signal must

be between VSS and VDD and can be applied to either

pin of the comparator(s).

13.3.2

INTERNAL REFERENCE SIGNAL

The comparator module also allows the selection of an

internally

generated

voltage

reference

for

the

comparators. Section 14.0 “Comparator Voltage

Reference Module” contains a detailed description of

the Comparator Voltage Reference module that

provides this signal. The internal reference signal is

used when comparators are in mode CM<2:0> = 010

(Figure 13-1). In this mode, the internal voltage

reference is

applied

the

VIN+

both

comparators.

13.4

Comparator Response Time

Response time is the minimum time, after selecting a

new reference voltage or input source, before the

comparator output has a valid level. If the internal

reference is changed, the maximum delay of the inter-

nal voltage reference must be considered when using

the comparator outputs. Otherwise, the maximum

delay of the comparators should be used (Section 18.0

“Electrical Characteristics”).

13.5

Comparator Outputs

The comparator outputs are read through the CMCON

outputs may also be directly output to the RA3 and RA4

I/O pins. When enabled, multiplexors in the output path

of the RA3 and RA4 pins will switch and the output of

each pin will be the unsynchronized output of the com-

parator. The uncertainty of each of the comparators is

related to the input offset voltage and the response time

given in the specifications. Figure 13-3 shows the

comparator output block diagram.

The TRISA bits will still function as an output enable/

disable for the RA3 and RA4 pins while in this mode.

The polarity of the comparator outputs can be changed

using the C2INV and C1INV bits (CMCON<5:4>).

–

VIN+

VIN-

Output

VIN–

VIN+

Output

VIN+

VIN-

Note 1: When reading the Port register, all pins

configured as analog inputs will read as

‘0’. Pins configured as digital inputs will

convert an analog input, according to the

Schmitt Trigger input specification.

2: Analog levels, on any pin defined as a

digital input, may cause the input buffer to

consume more current than is specified.

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