ADN2814XCPZ datasheet(14/28 Pages) AD

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ADN2814

Preliminary Technical Data

Rev. PrA | Page 14 of 28

THEORY OF OPERATION

The ADN2814 is a delay- and phase-locked loop circuit for

clock recovery and data retiming from an NRZ encoded data

stream. The phase of the input data signal is tracked by two

separate feedback loops, which share a common control voltage.

A high speed delay-locked loop path uses a voltage controlled

phase shifter to track the high frequency components of input

jitter. A separate phase control loop, comprised of the VCO,

tracks the low frequency components of input jitter. The initial

frequency of the VCO is set by yet a third loop, which compares

the VCO frequency with the input data frequency and sets the

coarse tuning voltage. The jitter tracking phase-locked loop

controls the VCO by the fine-tuning control.

The delay- and phase-loops together track the phase of the

input data signal. For example, when the clock lags input data,

the phase detector drives the VCO to higher frequency, and also

increases the delay through the phase shifter; both these actions

serve to reduce the phase error between the clock and data. The

faster clock picks up phase, while the delayed data loses phase.

Because the loop filter is an integrator, the static phase error is

driven to zero.

Another view of the circuit is that the phase shifter implements

the zero required for frequency compensation of a second-order

phase-locked loop, and this zero is placed in the feedback path

and, thus, does not appear in the closed-loop transfer function.

Jitter peaking in a conventional second-order phase-locked loop

is caused by the presence of this zero in the closed-loop transfer

function. Because this circuit has no zero in the closed-loop

transfer, jitter peaking is minimized.

The delay- and phase-loops together simultaneously provide

wide-band jitter accommodation and narrow-band jitter

filtering. The linearized block diagram in Figure 16 shows that

the jitter transfer function, Z(s)/X(s), is a second-order low-pass

providing excellent filtering. Note that the jitter transfer has no

zero, unlike an ordinary second-order phase-locked loop. This

means that the main PLL loop has virtually zero jitter peaking

(see Figure 17). This makes this circuit ideal for signal regen-

erator applications, where jitter peaking in a cascade of

regenerators can contribute to hazardous jitter accumulation.

The error transfer, e(s)/X(s), has the same high-pass form as an

ordinary phase-locked loop. This transfer function is free to be

optimized to give excellent wide-band jitter accommodation,

because the jitter transfer function, Z(s)/X(s), provides the

narrow-band jitter filtering.

X(s)

Z(s)

RECOVERED

CLOCK

e(s)

INPUT

DATA

d/sc

psh

o/s

1/n

d = PHASE DETECTOR GAIN

o = VCO GAIN

c = LOOP INTEGRATOR

psh = PHASE SHIFTER GAIN

n = DIVIDE RATIO

n psh

s+ 1

Z(s)

X(s)

JITTER TRANSFER FUNCTION

d psh

e(s)

X(s)

TRACKING ERROR TRANSFER FUNCTION

Figure 16. ADN2814 PLL/DLL Architecture

ADN2814

Z(s)

X(s)

FREQUENCY (kHz)

JITTER PEAKING

IN ORDINARY PLL

n psh

d psh

Figure 17. ADN2814 Jitter Response vs. Conventional PLL

The delay- and phase-loops contribute to overall jitter accom-

modation. At low frequencies of input jitter on the data signal,

the integrator in the loop filter provides high gain to track large

jitter amplitudes with small phase error. In this case, the VCO is

frequency modulated and jitter is tracked as in an ordinary

phase-locked loop. The amount of low frequency jitter that can

be tracked is a function of the VCO tuning range. A wider

tuning range gives larger accommodation of low frequency

jitter. The internal loop control voltage remains small for small

phase errors, so the phase shifter remains close to the center of

its range and thus contributes little to the low frequency jitter

accommodation.

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