AR0130CSSC00SPBA0-DP1 datasheet(18/40 Pages) ONSEMI

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AR0130CS

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As a special case, in single frame mode, register writes

that occur after FV but before the next trigger will take effect

immediately on the next frame, as if there had been a Restart.

However, if the trigger for the next frame occurs during FV,

Fields not identified as being frame−synchronized are

updated immediately after the register write is completed.

The effect of these registers on the next frame can be difficult

to predict if they affect the shutter pointer.

Restart

To restart the AR0130 at any time during the operation of

the sensor, write a “1” to the Restart register (R0x301A[1]

= 1). This has two effects: first, the current frame is

interrupted

immediately.

Second,

any

writes

frame−synchronized registers and the shutter width registers

take effect immediately, and a new frame starts (in video

mode). The current row completes before the new frame is

started, so the time between issuing the Restart and the

beginning of the next frame can vary by about tROW.

Image Acquisition Modes

The AR0130 supports two image acquisition modes:

video (also known as master) and single frame.

Video

The video mode takes pictures by scanning the rows of the

sensor twice. On the first scan, each row is released from

reset, starting the exposure. On the second scan, the row is

sampled, processed, and returned to the reset state. The

exposure for any row is therefore the time between the first

and second scans. Each row is exposed for the same

duration, but at slightly different point in time, which can

cause a shear in moving subjects as is typical with electronic

rolling shutter sensors.

Single Frame

The single−frame mode operates similar to the video

mode. It also scans the rows of the sensor twice, first to reset

the rows and second to read the rows. Unlike video mode

where a continuous stream of images are output from the

image sensor, the single−frame mode outputs a single frame

in response to a high state placed on the TRIGGER input pin.

As long as the TRIGGER pin is held in a high state, new

images will be read out. After the TRIGGER pin is returned

to a low state, the image sensor will not output any new

images and will wait for the next high state on the TRIGGER

pin.

The TRIGGER pin state is detected during the vertical

blanking period (i.e. the FV signal is low). The pin is level

sensitive rather than edge sensitive. As such, image

integration will only begin when the sensor detects that the

TRIGGER pin has been held high for 3 consecutive clock

cycles.

During integration time of single−frame mode and video

mode, the FLASH output pin is at high.

Continuous Trigger

In certain applications, multiple sensors need to have their

video streams synchronized (E.g. surround view or

panorama view applications). The TRIGGER pin can also

be used to synchronize output of multiple image sensors

together and still get a video stream. This is called

continuous trigger mode. Continuous trigger is enabled by

holding the TRIGGER pin high. Alternatively, the

TRIGGER pin can be held high until the stream bit is

enabled (R0x301A[2]=1) then can be released for

continuous synchronized video streaming.

If the TRIGGER pins for all connected AR0130 sensors

are connected to the same control signal, all sensors will

receive the trigger pulse at the same time. If they are

configured to have the same frame timing, then the usage of

the TRIGGER pin guarantees that all sensors will be

synchronized within 1 PIXCLK cycle if PLL is disabled, or

2 PIXCLK cycles if PLL is enabled.

With continuous trigger mode, the application can now

make use of the video streaming mode while guaranteeing

that all sensor outputs are synchronized. As long as the initial

trigger for the sensors takes place at the same time, all

subsequent video streams will be synchronous.

Automatic Exposure Control

The integrated automatic exposure control (AEC) is

responsible for ensuring that optimal settings of exposure

and gain are computed and updated every other frame. AEC

can be enabled or disabled by R0x3100[0].

When AEC is disabled (R0x3100[0] = 0), the sensor uses

the manual exposure value in coarse and fine shutter width

registers and the manual gain value in the gain registers.

When AEC is enabled (R0x3100[0]=1), the target luma

value is set by R0x3102. For the AR0130 this target luma has

a default value of 0x0800 or about half scale.

The exposure control measures current scene luminosity

by accumulating a histogram of pixel values while reading

out a frame. It then compares the current luminosity to the

desired output luminosity. Finally, the appropriate

adjustments are made to the exposure time and gain. All

pixels are used, regardless of color or mono mode.

AEC does not work if digital binning is enabled.

Embedded Data and Statistics

The AR0130 has the capability to output image data and

statistics embedded within the frame timing. There are two

types of information embedded within the frame readout:

1. Embedded Data: If enabled, these are displayed on

the two rows immediately before the first active

pixel row is displayed.

2. Embedded Statistics: If enabled, these are

displayed on the two rows immediately after the

last active pixel row is displayed.

NOTE: Both embedded statistics and data must be

enabled and disabled together.

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